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It is sometimes hard to tell when to call a composer modern, as opposed to Romantic. In general you can say that the Moder Eara in music started around the year 1900. However, many composers continued to write pieces in a romantic fashion long after that.
Composers that were born in Austria, or gained the Austrian nationality.
The Second Viennese School consists of Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils: Alban Berg and Anton Webern. They all composed in the twelve-tone style, which was invented by Schoenberg, and where every tone of the chromatic key was considered as important as the other eleven. In this way, tonality, which had been the basis for all music till then, disappeared. Their music was therefor also called atonal, though twelve-tone music is a better term for this particular system of creating tone rows. Schoenberg was convinced that after a period of getting use to it, everybody would be able to sing atonal music as natuarally as tonal music. After a hundred years, this is still not true, though...
Group members
- Berg, Alban (1885–1935)
- Schoenberg|Schönberg, Arnold (1874–1951)
- Webern, Anton (1883–1945)