Louis Vierne

Born: 8 October 1870, Poitiers (France)
Died: 2 June 1937, Paris (France)

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Music

Six symphonies for organ. 24 Pièces de fantaisie, 24 Pièces en style libre. Various other organ works, songs (mélodies), solo piano and chamber works, and choral and orchestral music. Recommended as an introduction: his Third and Sixth Symphonies (recorded by Bruno Mathieu on an affordable CD from Naxos), and any selections from his 24 Fantasies for organ.

(contribution by Daniel Mitterdorfer <danielmarty.com.au>)

Biography

Son of a journalist, Vierne showed strong musical aptitude from an early age. Throughout his entire life, he was either mostly or totally without sight. Born with congenital cataracts, he received in his early years the doting attention of his parents, who blamed themselves for their son’s unfortunate affliction, for which they were in no way at fault.

The family moved around for his father’s career with different newspapers, and Vierne spent his childhood in Poitiers, Lille and later Paris. His uncle, Charles Colin, oboe teacher at the Paris Conservatory and an organist, first recognised the depth of his young nephew’s gift for music, introduced him to the pipeorgan, took him to the concerts which first stirred in him a yearning to become an organist, and provided aid and encouragement. As a youngster, Vierne also learned violin and played quite well.

This tranquil childhood first began to crumble when Louis was 11 and his beloved and supportive Uncle Colin died within just days after developing an acute respiratory illness. Vierne felt a tremendous grief at this loss, but was sustained by his father and by the memory of his uncle in his aspiration to become an organ recitalist. When Vierne was 15, his father began displaying subtle signs of declining health, and within a year, died from a silent cancer. This passing brought financial hardship to the family and a corresponding change in their living conditions.

At 19, Vierne entered César Franck’s organ class at the Paris Conservatory. When his mentor Franck died quite suddenly less than a year later, the young Vierne was deeply shaken. He continued his studies with Charles-Marie Widor, and became his assistant at the Church of Saint-Sulpice and also a colleague and friend of the famous organist Alexandre Guilmant.

During the 1890s, Vierne was a popular figure in home musical circles, where he usually acted as accompanist on the piano. Through this activity, he met and married in 1899 a young soprano, Arlette Taskin.  The following year, at the age of 30, he was selected in a competition of some fifty organists and appointed resident organist (titulaire) of the cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris, a post which he occupied until his death.

Despite his near-total lack of sight, Vierne regularly made his way about Paris on his own, both by day and by night. One drizzly night in 1906, however, he badly maimed his leg and ankle amid some excavation work in the streets, in an accident which nearly cost him his career as organist. Beginning around this time and continuing over the next decade or so, Vierne was hit by a series of grave misfortunes. The painful discovery of his wife’s treacherous adultery with none other than their supposed friend, an organbuilder, led to a divorce; that same year, his younger son contracted tuberculosis, from which he died four years after, at the age of ten; both his mother and his friend Guilmant succumbed to kidney failure, each after many weeks’ protracted agony; and then, another child, his teenage son Jacques [James], was killed in combat in WW1 — for which the composer blamed himself in relenting to the unseasoned lad’s pleas to enlist; and finally, the composer completely lost what little sight he had, after a last-ditch surgical attempt to halt rapidly advancing glaucoma.

Perhaps understandably, he has been described ‘off-the-record’ by many who had contact with him as having a somewhat grumbling or ‘crabby’ disposition at times. But Vierne’s was plainly a life few would envy; at the lowest point of his life, successive tragedies had left Vierne a broken man, largely alone in the world, until his triumphant comeback in the late 1920s. For all the anguish, loss, and suffering Vierne faced in the course of his life, it might also be said that he was a man of remarkable resilience and character. Vierne has also been described as a man of great kindness, ever generous with his time and supportive and encouraging toward his students.

All this while, he struggled to maintain his career, and composed numerous works for organ, chamber instruments, voice, and orchestra - tediously writing out all his own tidy manuscripts, using special work methods he adopted. He is perhaps best remembered for his six ‘symphonies’ for organ, his 24 Fantasies for organ (in four books, or suites), and his 24 Pieces in Free Style, but today is increasingly known for the fine legacy of works he left in nearly all genres, of which his chamber music and piano pieces display a rare beauty and intimate expression. In his time, though, he was best-known as an organist and was universally acknowledged as an improvisatory genius of awesome mastery and imagination, of which today there sadly remains no justly representative record.

In his many years as a teacher (first as a tutor at the Paris Conservatory, later professor at the Schola Cantorum), he had an immense influence on an entire generation of musicians and their pupils in turn. Among his pupils were Nadia Boulanger, Marcel Dupré, Joseph Bonnet, André Marchal, Maurice Duruflé, and Gaston Litaize.

By the end of the 1920s, Vierne had succeeded in fully reëstablishing his and undertook an extensive four-month tour of North America, everywhere receiving the highest acclaim. Toward the very end of this grand tour, he suffered a minor heart attack, and thereafter grew increasingly concerned with his health. He spent his final years mostly composing and giving private instruction.

He died of a sudden massive stroke, right at the organ console, between pieces during a recital at Notre-Dame one evening in 1937, with his friend and closest pupil, Maurice Duruflé by his side.

Copyright © 1998 Ned Rees <druidnetreach.net>. All rights reserved. Reproduction or republication in any form strictly prohibited without the prior written consent of the author. Used with permission by the Classical Composers Database.

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Louis Vierne Symphony No.1 for Organ Opus 14 (Kalmus Edition)
from: Alfred Publishing Company

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Organ Symphonies Nos. 1, 2 & 3
by: Louis Vierne

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Vierne Allegetto for Organ (Kalmus Edition)
from: Alfred Publishing Company

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Carillon de Westminster for Organ
by: Louis Vierne

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Symphony No. 6 for Organ by Louise Vierne (Op. 59)
by: Louis Vierne

Louis Vierne: Symphony No. 1 (Opus 14) for Organ
by: Louis Vierne

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